• Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Skip to secondary sidebar
  • Skip to footer

Computer Notes

Library
    • Computer Fundamental
    • Computer Memory
    • DBMS Tutorial
    • Operating System
    • Computer Networking
    • C Programming
    • C++ Programming
    • Java Programming
    • C# Programming
    • SQL Tutorial
    • Management Tutorial
    • Computer Graphics
    • Compiler Design
    • Style Sheet
    • JavaScript Tutorial
    • Html Tutorial
    • Wordpress Tutorial
    • Python Tutorial
    • PHP Tutorial
    • JSP Tutorial
    • AngularJS Tutorial
    • Data Structures
    • E Commerce Tutorial
    • Visual Basic
    • Structs2 Tutorial
    • Digital Electronics
    • Internet Terms
    • Servlet Tutorial
    • Software Engineering
    • Interviews Questions
    • Basic Terms
    • Troubleshooting
Menu

Header Right

Home » Fundamental » OS » What is Batch Processing Operating System?
Next →
← Prev

What is Batch Processing Operating System?

By Dinesh Thakur

To avoid the problems of early systems the batch processing systems were introduced. The problem of early systems was more setup time. So the problem of more set up time was reduced by processing the jobs in batches, known as batch processing system. In this approach similar jobs were submitted to the CPU for processing and were run together.

The main function of a batch processing system is to automatically keep executing the jobs in a batch. This is the important task of a batch processing system i.e. performed by the ‘Batch Monitor’ resided in the low end of main memory.

This technique was possible due to the invention of hard-disk drives and card readers. Now the jobs could be stored on the disk to create the pool of jobs for its execution as a batch. First the pooled jobs are read and executed by the batch monitor, and then these jobs are grouped; placing the identical jobs (jobs with the similar needs) in the same batch, So, in the batch processing system, the batched jobs were executed automatically one after another saving its time by performing the activities (like loading of compiler) only for once. It resulted in improved system utilization due to reduced turn around time.

In the early job processing systems, the jobs were placed in a job queue and the memory allocate or managed the primary memory space, when space was available in the main memory, a job was selected from the job queue and was loaded into memory.

Once the job loaded into primary memory, it competes for the processor. When the processor became available, the processor scheduler selects job that was loaded in the memory and execute it.

In batch strategy is implemented to provide a batch file processing. So in this approach files of the similar batch are processed to speed up the task.

 Batch File Processing

                                                                                                        

Batch File Processing

In batch processing the user were supposed to prepare a program as a deck of punched cards. The header cards in the deck were the “job control” cards which would indicate that which compiler was to be used (like FORTRAN, COBOL compilers etc). The deck of cards would be handed in to an operator who would collect such jobs from various users. Then the submitted jobs were ‘grouped as FORTRAN jobs, COBOL jobs etc. In addition, these jobs were classified as ‘long jobs’ that required more processing time or short jobs which required a short processing time. Each set of jobs was considered as a batch and the processing would be done for a batch. For instance, there maybe a batch of short FORTRAN jobs. The output for each job would be separated and turned over to users in a collection area. So in this approach, files of the similar batch were processed to speed up the task.

In this environment there was no interactivity and the users had no direct control. In this system, only one job could engage the processor at a time and if there was any input/ output operation the processor had to sit idle till the completion of I/O job. So it resulted to the under utilization of CPU time.

In batch processing system, earlier; the jobs were scheduled in the order of their arrival i.e. First Come First Served (FCFS). Even though this scheduling method was easy and simple to implement but unfair for the situations where long jobs are queued ahead of the short jobs. To overcome this problem, another scheduling method named as ‘Shortest Job First’ was used. As memory management is concerned, the main memory was partitioned into two fixed partitions. The lower end of this partition was assigned to the resident portion of the OS i.e. named as Batch Monitor. Whereas, the other partition (higher end) was assigned to the user programs.

Though, it was an improved technique in reducing the system setup time but still there were some limitations with this technique like as under-utilization of CPU time, non-interactivity of user with the running jobs etc. In batch processing system, the jobs of a batch were executed one after another. But while these jobs were performing I/O operations; meantime the CPU was sitting idle resulting to low degree of resource utilization.

You’ll also like:

  1. What is batch processing?
  2. Batch Operating System
  3. Batch Processing in JDBC
  4. What is batch file? – Definition
  5. What is Parallel Processing Systems?
Next →
← Prev
Like/Subscribe us for latest updates     

About Dinesh Thakur
Dinesh ThakurDinesh Thakur holds an B.C.A, MCDBA, MCSD certifications. Dinesh authors the hugely popular Computer Notes blog. Where he writes how-to guides around Computer fundamental , computer software, Computer programming, and web apps.

Dinesh Thakur is a Freelance Writer who helps different clients from all over the globe. Dinesh has written over 500+ blogs, 30+ eBooks, and 10000+ Posts for all types of clients.


For any type of query or something that you think is missing, please feel free to Contact us.


Primary Sidebar

Operating System

Operating System & Types

    • Operating System - Software
    • Operating System - Definition
    • Operating System - Types
    • Operating System - Functions
    • Operating System - Characteristics
    • Operating System - Services
    • Operating System - Multiprogramming
    • Operating System - Time Sharing
    • Operating System - Multiprocessor
    • Operating System - Distributed
    • Operating System - Batch Processing
    • Operating System - Real-Time
    • Operating System - Multitasking
    • Operating System - Network(NOS)
    • Operating System - Multi-User
    • Operating System - Batch
    • Operating System - External Structure
    • Operating System - MS-DOS
    • Operating System - System Software
    • Operating System - Kernel
    • Operating System - Main Functions

Operating System Scheduling

    • Operating System - Scheduling
    • Operating System - Disk Scheduling
    • Operating System - Process
    • Operating System - Round Robin
    • Operating System - CPU Scheduling
    • Operating System - (FCFS) Scheduling
    • Operating System - Preemptive
    • Operating System - Priority Scheduling

Memory

    • Operating System - Memory
    • Operating System - Cache Memory
    • Operating System - Virtual Memory
    • Operating System - Memory Partition

Operating System - What is

    • Operating System - Booting
    • Operating System - Files & Types
    • Operating System - Shell
    • Operating System - Real Time System
    • Operating System - Demand Paging
    • Operating System - Multi Tasking
    • Operating System - Parallel Processing
    • Operating System - Swapping
    • Operating System - Spooling
    • Operating System - App Software
    • Operating System - Dead Lock
    • Operating System - Batch Processing
    • Operating System - Semaphore
    • Operating System - Variable Partitioned
    • Operating System - File System
    • Operating System - Cipher Text
    • Operating System - OS/2
    • Operating System - CONFIG.SYS
    • Operating System - Segmentation
    • Operating System - CLI

Some Other Tutorials

  • OS - Application Vs System Software
  • OS - Commands in DOS
  • OS - Process States
  • OS - System Components
  • OS - Inter-Process
  • OS - Computer Languages
  • OS - System Architecture
  • OS - Directory Structure
  • OS - Process Management
  • OS - Deadlock Prevention
  • OS - Thread Vs Process
  • OS - File Sharing

Other Links

  • Operating System - PDF Version

Footer

Basic Course

  • Computer Fundamental
  • Computer Networking
  • Operating System
  • Database System
  • Computer Graphics
  • Management System
  • Software Engineering
  • Digital Electronics
  • Electronic Commerce
  • Compiler Design
  • Troubleshooting

Programming

  • Java Programming
  • Structured Query (SQL)
  • C Programming
  • C++ Programming
  • Visual Basic
  • Data Structures
  • Struts 2
  • Java Servlet
  • C# Programming
  • Basic Terms
  • Interviews

World Wide Web

  • Internet
  • Java Script
  • HTML Language
  • Cascading Style Sheet
  • Java Server Pages
  • Wordpress
  • PHP
  • Python Tutorial
  • AngularJS
  • Troubleshooting

 About Us |  Contact Us |  FAQ

Dinesh Thakur is a Technology Columinist and founder of Computer Notes.

Copyright © 2025. All Rights Reserved.

APPLY FOR ONLINE JOB IN BIGGEST CRYPTO COMPANIES
APPLY NOW