ASCII Stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange (pronounced ‘as-key’). This is a standard set of characters understood by all computers, consisting mostly of letters and numbers plus a few basic symbols such as $ and %. Which employs the 128 possible 7-bit integers to encode the 52 uppercase and lowercase letters and 10 numeric digits of the Roman alphabet, plus punctuation characters and some other symbols. The fact that almost everyone agrees on ASCII makes it relatively easy to exchange information between different programs, different operating systems, and even different computers. [Read more…] about What is ASCII Code?
What is artificial intelligence?
Artificial intelligence (AI) A branch of computer science that was pursued with great optimism in the 1960s and 70S, in an attempt to make computers think more like human beings. It analyzes data and draw conclusions in a way that makes them appear to be “intelligent.” Now of course, computers can’t think or do anything without being told what to do. So AI programs use complex formulas which attempt to arrive at an answer in a method similar to how a human might do it. [Read more…] about What is artificial intelligence?
What is architecture?
Similar to the architecture of a building, the architecture of a computer refers to the design structure of the computer system and all its details: the system, the circuits, the chips, the buses, the expansion slots, the system firmware, BIOS, etc. The architecture largely determines how fast the computer is and what it can do. It also decides whether one computer is compatible with another. Can the same boards be used? Yes, if the architecture is compatible. Different models will have basically the same uses, but with varying degrees of performance. The architecture is what ensures backward compatibility, which means that your old software can run on a new computer. [Read more…] about What is architecture?
What is antistatic device?
If there is too much static electricity hanging around, it can actually disrupt your computer, causing the screen to freeze or creating various other unpleasant disturbances that can destroy data. Static can even destroy the circuits inside your computer. Extra static can develop from the weather or from certain kinds of clothing or from activities like petting your cat while working on your computer, shuffling around on the carpet, or rubbing a balloon on your head. So a variety of antistatic devices have been developed to help prevent this, devices such as wrist bands, floor mats, sprays, and little metal pads that say “Touch Me.” [Read more…] about What is antistatic device?
What is ANSI.SYS?
ANSI.SYS (pronounced “ansee dot sis”) is a driver file a little software module, or controller used by MSDOS and OS/2, ANSI.SYS tells the computer how to display information based on the standard codes adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Each code in the ANSI table represents either a character (like the letter S) or a number (such as the number 5), and other keys found on the keyboard (such as the Enter key). Some codes in the table are not found on the keyboard, but programs use them for specific purposes (such as making the PC beep, or moving the cursor to the next line on-screen). [Read more…] about What is ANSI.SYS?
What is ANSI?
ANSI is the acronym for the American National Standards Institute. This institute creates standards for a wide variety of industries, including computer programming languages. ANSI standards currently exist for vast numbers of such seemingly unrelated items as refrigerators, industrial carpet, mayonnaise, and computer parts, among others. [Read more…] about What is ANSI?
What is Address?
An address on your computer is similar to the address on your house it’s a way for the computer to know where to send its messages, and a way for the information or the device to know it is being called upon. [Read more…] about What is Address?
32-bit: What is 32-Bit?
What is 32-bit: 32-bit tells us that the number of bits that can be processed or transmitted. In another way, you can say that the number of bits that can be used for the single element in a data format.
32-bit is a type of CPU (Central Processing Unit) architecture that can transfer 32 bits of data per clock cycle or you can say that it is the amount of information that the CPU can process every time it performs an operation. [Read more…] about 32-bit: What is 32-Bit?
What is abort?
To stop a program or computer command, before it has finished naturally. The term also covers an unexpected termination by the computer because of a bug or malfunction. [Read more…] about What is abort?
What is Floppy Disk?
The floppy disk drive also known as floppy or FDD is the primary removable storage medium for a personal computer. The FDD, once called a mini disk, is the primary medium for getting voluminous information into and out of a micro computer system. If you have two FDDs of different storage capacities, A: In DOS and Windows the identifier used for the first floppy disk drive; the second floppy disk is designated as drive B:. [Read more…] about What is Floppy Disk?
Access Time – What is disk access time?
Hard Disk Access time is the total elapsed time between the initiation of a particular request for data and receipt of the first bit of that data. [Read more…] about Access Time – What is disk access time?
Ultrabook – What is an Ultrabook?
The term Ultra book, what do they really mean? The ultra book is a new Intel-defined format. Basically, it is a new way of calling notebooks or laptops, to differentiate a little ocean of varieties available. Unlike netbooks that are smaller but also less powerful, ultra books offer virtually the same comfort as laptops. [Read more…] about Ultrabook – What is an Ultrabook?
NetBook – What is netbook?
The concept of netbook is not so far from its portable design, but it is lighter and thinner, and limited storage than a laptop. Netbooks are like physical paper book; its design is just like a laptop. His name also reflects its main purpose: Net synonymous English Internet and book for “book”, in short, the book for the Internet. The term netbook promoted by Intel. [Read more…] about NetBook – What is netbook?
Personal Computer – What is personal computer (PC)?
Personal Computer Definition: The first general-purpose, cost-effective personal computer created by IBM was called the IBM PC or means “personal computer” . It is a microprocessor technology that has been any small, relatively inexpensive computer designed to be used by one person, at home or in an office. It is often simply called a Personal Computer (PC). The example of Personal Computer or PC are microcomputer, desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet. In all these computer manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. [Read more…] about Personal Computer – What is personal computer (PC)?
Laptop – What is a Laptop Computer?
A Laptop computer (also called portable computer or notebook computer in English) (Other terms, such as ultra book or netbook, refer to specific types of laptop) is designed with portability in mind. It was developed in the late 1980s. It is briefcase style with a foldout screen with a clam shell form factor, suitable for mobile use and with a miniature keyboard. It is small enough to use in your lap. The laptop is battery or AC-powered personal computer that should be charged via a plug and socket, and when it runs out of power, it must be recharged regularly. [Read more…] about Laptop – What is a Laptop Computer?
What is Parallel Processing Systems?
Parallel Processing Systems are designed to speed up the execution of programs by dividing the program into multiple fragments and processing these fragments simultaneously. Such systems are multiprocessor systems also known as tightly coupled systems. Parallel systems deal with the simultaneous use of multiple computer resources that can include a single computer with multiple processors, a number of computers connected by a network to form a parallel processing cluster or a combination of both. [Read more…] about What is Parallel Processing Systems?
Definition Multiprocessor Operating System
Multiprocessor Operating System refers to the use of two or more central processing units (CPU) within a single computer system. These multiple CPUs are in a close communication sharing the computer bus, memory and other peripheral devices. These systems are referred as tightly coupled systems. [Read more…] about Definition Multiprocessor Operating System
What is real-time operating system (RTOS)? – Definition
The real-time operating system used for a real-time application means for those applications where data processing should be done in the fixed and small quantum of time. It is different from general purpose computer where time concept is not considered as much crucial as in Real-Time Operating System. RTOS is a time-sharing system based on clock interrupts. Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) serve the interrupt, raised by the system. RTOS used Priority to execute the process. When a high priority process enters in system low priority process preempted to serve higher priority process. Real-time operating system synchronized the process. So that they can communicate with each other. Resources can be used efficiently without wastage of time. [Read more…] about What is real-time operating system (RTOS)? – Definition
What is a Network Operating System (NOS)?
Network Operating System is an operating system that includes special functions for connecting computers and devices into a local-area network (LAN) or Inter-network. Short form of Network Operating system is NOS. Some popular network operating systems are Novell Netware, Windows NT/2000, Linux, Sun Solaris, UNIX, and IBM OS/2. The network operating system which was first developed is Novell Netware. It was developed in 1983. [Read more…] about What is a Network Operating System (NOS)?
Definition of Distributed Operating System
Distributed Operating System is a model where distributed applications are running on multiple computers linked by communications. A distributed operating system is an extension of the network operating system that supports higher levels of communication and integration of the machines on the network. [Read more…] about Definition of Distributed Operating System
Definition of Multitasking Operating System
In earlier days, Computers was programmed to solve the problem. More prior day’s computer could perform only one job at a time. This computation resulted least CPU utilization. Most of time CPU was idle. To use CPU more efficiently, computer crossed many stages of evaluation. [Read more…] about Definition of Multitasking Operating System
Time Sharing Operating System
A time sharing system allows many users to share the computer resources simultaneously. In other words, time sharing refers to the allocation of computer resources in time slots to several programs simultaneously. For example a mainframe computer that has many users logged on to it. Each user uses the resources of the mainframe -i.e. memory, CPU etc. The users feel that they are exclusive user of the CPU, even though this is not possible with one CPU i.e. shared among different users. [Read more…] about Time Sharing Operating System
Definition of Multiprogramming Operating System
To overcome the problem of under utilization of CPU and main memory, the multi-programming was introduced. The multi-programming is interleaved execution of multiple jobs by the same computer. [Read more…] about Definition of Multiprogramming Operating System
What is Batch Processing Operating System?
To avoid the problems of early systems the batch processing systems were introduced. The problem of early systems was more setup time. So the problem of more set up time was reduced by processing the jobs in batches, known as batch processing system. In this approach similar jobs were submitted to the CPU for processing and were run together. [Read more…] about What is Batch Processing Operating System?
Type of Operating System Services
Following are the services provided by an operating system for the convenience of users:
Program Execution
The purpose of computer system is to allow the users to execute programs in an efficient manner. The operating system provides an environment where the user can conveniently run these programs. The user does not have to worry about the memory allocation or de-allocation or any other thing because these things are taken care of by the operating system. [Read more…] about Type of Operating System Services
Type of Computer System Components
A computer system can be divided into five components; the hardware, the operating system, the utilities, the application programs and the end users. Following diagram shows the actual position of an operating system among these components. [Read more…] about Type of Computer System Components
What is Difference Between Relation and Relational Schema?
Relation schema: A set of attributes is called a relation schema (or relation scheme). A relation schema is also known as table schema (or table scheme). A relation schema can be thought of as the basic information describing a table or relation. It is the logical definition of a table. Relation schema defines what the name of the table is. This includes a set of column names, the data types associated with each column. [Read more…] about What is Difference Between Relation and Relational Schema?
Type of Functional Dependence (FD)
A functional dependency is an association between two attributes of the same relational database table. One of the attributes is called the determinant and the other attribute is called the determined. For each value of the determinant there is associated one and only one value of the determined. [Read more…] about Type of Functional Dependence (FD)
What are the Problems with E-R Model?
The E-R model can result problems due to limitations in the way the entities are related in the relational databases. These problems are called connection traps. These problems often occur due to a misinterpretation of the meaning of certain relationships. [Read more…] about What are the Problems with E-R Model?
What are Strong and Weak Entity Sets in DBMS
The entity set which does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is called as Weak entity set. An entity set that has a primary key is called as Strong entity set. Consider an entity set Payment which has three attributes: payment_number, payment_date and payment_amount. Although each payment entity is distinct but payment for different loans may share the same payment number. Thus, this entity set does not have a primary key and it is an entity set. Each weak set must be a part of one-to-many relationship set. [Read more…] about What are Strong and Weak Entity Sets in DBMS