Vectors with Structures in C

Since structures are multivalue, multitype data objects, they can be considered to form a useful tool in manipulation of quantities such as vectors, complex variables, etc. For this we define functions of the type struct, i.e., the return value of the function is a structure. The function may have arguments of type struct besides other arguments. Let us define a structure with three components of vector as its data members as shown below.

struct vector { double x; double y; double z;};

Here, data variables x, y, and z are components of vectors. A function which adds two vectors and returns the resultant vector may be defined as below.

struct vector Vector_add(struct vector V1, struct vector V2)

{

  struct vector sum;

  sum.x = V1.x + V2.x;

  sum.y = V1.y + V2.y; II definition of struct function

  sum.z = V1.z + V2.z;

  return sum;

}

Similar functions may be defined for other operations on vectors.

#include<stdio.h>
struct vector { double A[4] ; }; // structure with array as member
struct vector Addition(struct vector V1, struct vector V2);
struct vector Subtract(struct vector V1, struct vector V2);
void main()
{
  int j,k;
  struct vector V3, V4;
  struct vector V1 = { 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0};
  struct vector V2 = { 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0};
  clrscr();
  V3 =Addition( V1, V2);
  V4 = Subtract(V1, V2);
  printf("The components of V3 are:");
  for ( j =0; j<4; j++)
    printf("%.3f\t", V3.A[j]);
    printf ("\n");
    printf("The components of V4 are:");
    for ( k =0; k<4; k++)
       printf("%.2f\t", V4.A[k]);
       printf ("\n");
}
struct vector Addition ( struct vector V1, struct vector V2)
{
  int i;
  struct vector sum;
  for( i =0; i<4; i++)
     sum.A[i] = V1.A[i] + V2.A[i];
     return sum; 
}
struct vector Subtract( struct vector V1, struct vector V2)
{
  int i;
  struct vector Result;
  for( i =0; i<4; i++)
   Result.A[i] = V1.A[i] - V2.A[i];
   return Result;
}