A complex number is also a multivalue object. It consists of two parts: real part and imaginary part. The imaginary part carries symbol i which is equal to √-1 . A complete number is written as sum of the real part and the imaginary part as shown below. [Read more…] about Manipulation of Complex Numbers by Structures

Since structures are multivalue, multitype data objects, they can be considered to form a useful tool in manipulation of quantities such as vectors, complex variables, etc. For this we define functions of the type struct, i.e., the return value of the function is a structure. The function may have arguments of type struct besides other arguments. Let us define a structure with three components of vector as its data members as shown below. [Read more…] about Vectors with Structures in C

When structures are used to keep record of employees, students, and so on, we would need to sort them according to some criterion. For employees, it may be according to alphabetical order, designation, or pay. [Read more…] about Sorting of Structures in C

Program provides an illustration of a function with structure as one of its parameter. The function calculates and returns the magnitude of a vector which is an instance of structure defined to hold the three components of a vector as its data members. The structure is declared as below. [Read more…] about C Program to Structure as a Parameter of Functions

Pointers to structures may be declared as we declare pointers to any other data type. Like arrays and functions, the name of structure carries the address of the structure where the values of its various members are stored. Therefore, the pointer may be initialized by the name of structure which is a constant pointer to the structure. Program illustrates the declaration and use of pointer to a structure. [Read more…] about C Program to Pointers to structures

We have used the declaration of nested structures on the parent structure in the same declaration. The structures may also be declared separately and included in the parent structure. The innermost structure should be declared first, then the next enveloping structure and then the next enveloping structure. The code is illustrated in Program. [Read more…] about Typedef with Nested Structures in C

In this method, the declaration starts with typedef followed by key word struct. The data members of the structure are placed between a pair of curly braces after struct. The type name is placed after the closing right brace (}). This is explained in the following example: [Read more…] about Typedef in Structure Declaration in C

As we already know, a structure is an ordered list of elements of either the same or different types. A union is similar to a structure but with one major difference that the structure stores all its members one after another, whereas the union can store only one member at a time, since all the members in a union are stored beginning from the same memory location. Thus, the total memory required to store a union is the same as that required for the largest member in it. The union is useful when we have to store one of the alternative values of different types and yet conserve space. [Read more…] about Union in c

The program given below reads the information about a person and prints it on the screen. It uses a structure containing a pointer member name to represent the information about a person. Note that the program uses the dstr_read function. [Read more…] about C Program to read and print info of a person

A program to determine the number of words and average word length is given in Program. It uses the strtok function to separate the words in a given string. The program given below uses the same technique to separate the words in a given string and determine and print the frequency of these words. [Read more…] about C Program determine the frequency of words in a given string

The C language allows an array to be used as a structure member. This enables us to group related structure members and is also useful for declaring character strings as structure members. This section explains how we can effectively use such structures. This includes [Read more…] about Structure Containing Arrays in C

Consider the problem of comparison of two valid dates d₁ and d₂. There are three possible outcomes of this comparison: d₁ == d₂ (dates are equal), d₁ > d₂ (date d₁ is greater, i.e., occurs after d₂) and d₁ < d₂(date d₁ is smaller, i.e., occurs before d₂). Let us write a function that accepts two dates as structures dl and d2 of type struct date and returns 0 if the dates are equal, 1 if d₁ is later than d₂ and -1 if date d_l is earlier than d₂. [Read more…] about C Program using structures and functions, to compare two dates

Let us use structure complex to represent a complex number and write a simple program containing only the main function. Thus, we can define structure complex either in the main function or before it as a global definition. [Read more…] about C Program to add of two complex numbers