Computers are digital in nature. Computers process, store, and communicate information in binary form, i.e. in the combination of 1s and 0s which has specific meaning in computer language. A binary digit (bit) is an individual 1 or O. Multiple bit streams are used in a computer network. [Read more…] about What is a Digital Signal? Characteristics of Digital Signal
What is an Analog Signal? Characteristics of Analog Signal.
Analog is best explained by the transmission of signal such as sound or human speech, over an electrified copper wire. In its native form, human speech is an oscillatory disturbance in the air. Which varies in terms of its volume or power (amplitude) and its pitch or tone (frequency)? Analogous variations in electrical or radio waves are created in order to transmit the analog information signal for video or audio or both over a network from a transmitter (TV station or CATV source) to a receiver (TV set, computer connected with antenna). At the receiving end an approximation (analog) of the original information is presented. [Read more…] about What is an Analog Signal? Characteristics of Analog Signal.
What is Connectionless Service?
Connectionless service is a self-contained action and does not include establishment, maintenance and releasing a connection. [Read more…] about What is Connectionless Service?
What is Hybrid networks?
• Hybrid networks are the networks that are based on both peer-to-peer & client-server relationship.
• Hybrid networks incorporate the best features of workgroups in peer-to-peer networks with the performance, security and reliability of server-based networks.
• Hybrid networks still provide all of the centralized services of servers, but they also allow users to share and manage their own resources within the workgroup. [Read more…] about What is Hybrid networks?
What is Data Transmission? Types of Data Transmission.
Definition Data Transmission: When we enter data into the computer via keyboard, each keyed element is encoded by the electronics within the keyboard into an equivalent binary coded pattern, using one of the standard coding schemes that are used for the interchange of information. To represent all characters of the keyboard, a unique pattern of 7 or 8 bits in size is used. The use of 7 bits means that 128 different elements can be represented, while 8 bits can represent 256 elements. A similar procedure is followed at the receiver that decodes every received binary pattern into the corresponding character. [Read more…] about What is Data Transmission? Types of Data Transmission.
Data Communication – What is Data Communication?
Data communication refers to the exchange of data between a source and a receiver via form of transmission media such as a wire cable. Data communication is said to be local if communicating devices are in the same building or a similarly restricted geographical area. [Read more…] about Data Communication – What is Data Communication?
Cable Modem
A Cable Modem provides bi-directional data communication via radio frequency channels on a cable television (CATV) infrastructure. Cable modems are primarily used to deliver broadband Internet access in the form of cable Internet, taking advantage of the high bandwidth of a cable television network. [Read more…] about Cable Modem
What is ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)? – Definition
ADSL stands for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. ADSL is a type of DSL line and is one of the technologies vying to replace ISDN. It consists of the transmission of digital data supported by the symmetric pair of copper carried by the conventional telephone line or subscriber line, as long as the range does not exceed 5.5 km measured from the Telephone System, or there are no other services on the same cable that may interfere. It is a broadband Internet access technology, which implies a higher rate of data transmission in the data transfer, and supports simultaneous Internet browsing and phone use. [Read more…] about What is ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)? – Definition
Telnet – What is Telnet?
TELNET : TELNET (TELecommunication NETwork) is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network (LAN) connections. It was developed in 1969 beginning with RFC 15 and standardized as IETF STD 8, one of the first Internet standards. [Read more…] about Telnet – What is Telnet?
What is DNS (Domain Name System)?
Before discussing about Domain Name Server: we are going to explain some factor and simple difference between Domain Name Server and Domain Name System. [Read more…] about What is DNS (Domain Name System)?
What is DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)? – Definition
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol used by networked devices or clients to obtain the parameters necessary for operationin an Internet Protocol network. This protocol reduces system administration workload, allowing devices to be added to the network with little or no manual configurations. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a way to administrator network parameter assignment from a single DHCP server, or a group of DHCP servers arranged in a fault-tolerant manner. Even in small networks, [Read more…] about What is DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)? – Definition
BOOTP Protocol
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) : The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) enables a client workstation to initialize with a minimal IP stack and request its IP address, a gateway address, and the address of a name server from a BOOTP server. [Read more…] about BOOTP Protocol
URL – What is URL?
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator that identifies a particular Internet resource. URL helps the user locate a web page, gopher service, library catalogue, image, or text file locations. URLs are the standard addressing system of the www. A complete URL provides the web client with all the information it needs to contact a server and make a request for information. URLs divided into three essential parts: [Read more…] about URL – What is URL?
Internet – What is Internet?
The Internet, World Wide Web (WWW) and the information superhighway have penetrated the lives of millions of people all over the world. The Internet is a network made up of thousands of networks worldwide. These networks are composed of computers and other intelligent and active devices. Internet is an example of an automated mechanism, and there is no one in charge of the Internet. [Read more…] about Internet – What is Internet?
What is VOIP?
“VOIP – Short for Voice Over Internet Protocol, a category of hardware and software that enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using IP rather than by traditional circuit transmissions. [Read more…] about What is VOIP?
What is NAT (Network Address Translation)? Benefits of NAT.
Network Address Translation (NAT) is the process where a network device, usually a firewall, assigns a public address to a computer (or group of computers) inside a private network. The main use of NAT is to limit the number of public IP addresses an organization or company must use, for both economy and security purposes. [Read more…] about What is NAT (Network Address Translation)? Benefits of NAT.
What is X.400
X.400 is a suite of ITU-T Recommendations that define standards for Data Communication Networks for Message Handling Systems (MHS) — more commonly known as “email”. [Read more…] about What is X.400
SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is a TCP/IP protocol that specifies how computers exchange electronic mail. It works with post office protocol (POP). [Read more…] about SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
UUCP (UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Protocol)
UUCP is derived from Unix-to-Unix copy. It is a standard UNIX utility that manages the transmission of information between UNIX systems, using serial connections and regular telephone lines. The Communications package was developed at Bell Laboratory by Mile Lesk in the mid-1970s for serial communications between in-house UNIX systems. [Read more…] about UUCP (UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Protocol)
POP3 – What is Post Office Protocol (POP3)?
It is a simple protocol used for opening the remote e-mail boxes. This protocol is defined in RFC 1225. Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) is a message access protocol that enables the client to fetch an e-mail from the remote mail server. [Read more…] about POP3 – What is Post Office Protocol (POP3)?
IMAP4 (Internet message access protocol)
IMAP stands for Interactive Mail Access Protocol and it is defined in RFC 1064. IMAP version 4 is mail access protocol that is similar to POP3. IMAP has more features an4 is more powerful and complex as compared to POP3. It allows a client to access and manipulate e-mails and mailboxes. IMAP runs on the well-known TCP port 143. IMAP was devised to overcome the limitations of POP3. [Read more…] about IMAP4 (Internet message access protocol)
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
MIME stands for (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions). It is widely used internet standard for coding binary files to send them as e-mail attachments over the internet. MIME allows an E-mail message to contain a non-ASCII file such as a video image or a sound and it provides a mechanism to transfer a non text characters to text characters. [Read more…] about MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
What is FTP?
What is FTP? One of the most popular uses of the Internet is to download files – that is, transfer files from a computer on the Internet to your computer. Many thousands of files are downloaded every day from the Internet. Most of these files are downloaded using the Internet’s File Transfer Protocol, commonly referred to as FTP. This protocol can also be used to upload files from your computer to another computer on the Internet. [Read more…] about What is FTP?
NNTP – Network News Transfer Protocol
The Network News Transfer Protocol is an Internet application protocol used for transporting Usenet news articles (Netnews) between news servers and for reading and posting articles by end user client applications. Brian Kantor of the University of California, San Diego and Phil Lapsley of the University of California, Berkeley authored RFC 977, the specification for the Network News Transfer Protocol, in March 1986. Other contributors included Stan Barber from the Baylor College of Medicine and Erik Fair of Apple Computer. [Read more…] about NNTP – Network News Transfer Protocol
Videoconferencing
A videoconference or video conference (also known as a video-teleconference) is a set of interactive telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. It has also been called ‘visual collaboration’ and is a type of groupware. [Read more…] about Videoconferencing
What is Intranet? – Characteristics,Benefits,Uses,Advantages of Intranet
An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet Protocol technologies to securely share any part of an organization’s information or operational systems within that organization. The term is used in contrast to internet,a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organization. [Read more…] about What is Intranet? – Characteristics,Benefits,Uses,Advantages of Intranet
What is VSAT
Low cost business terminals with small antennas (generally less than 2 metres in diameter) are often termed Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs). These are usually perceived as being two way data terminals, though strictly speaking many of the systems used for data broadcast are really one-way VSATs. Taking the USA as an example, approximately half of all installed VSATs are only used for one way data links. [Read more…] about What is VSAT
What is SSL ?
SSL (Secure Socket Layer) is a network layer security protocol which is responsible for ensuring security of data or messages in transit through http, ldap, smtp, imap or pop3 application layers and practically ensures a reliable end-to-end secure and authenticated connection between the client and the server over the open Internet. [Read more…] about What is SSL ?
What is Web Server?
A web server is a computer programs that delivers (serves) content, such as Web pages, using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), over the World Wide Web. The term Web server can also refer to the computer or virtual machine running the program. In large commercial deployments, a server computer running a Web server can be rack-mounted in a server rack or cabinet with other servers to’ operate a Web farm. [Read more…] about What is Web Server?
What is Firewall?
A firewall is a device installed between the internet network of an organization and the rest of Internet. When a computer is connected to Internet, it can create many problems for corporate companies. Most companies put a large amount of confidential information online. Such an information should not be disclosed to the unauthorized persons. Second problem is that the virus, worms and other digital pests can breach the security and can destroy the valuable data. [Read more…] about What is Firewall?